Turtles are one of the most impressive vertebrates. Much of the body is either hidden in a shell or can be drawn into it. Turtles impress with their individual longevity and their often peaceful disposition. Also, with their resilience, they have survived all extinction events since their emergence in the Late Triassic. Today's diversity of shapes is impressive and ranges from the large and high domed Galapagos turtles to the hamster-sized flat pancake turtles. The holotype of one of the oldest fossil turtles, Proganochelys quenstedtii, is housed in the paleontological collection in Tübingen/Germany. Since its discovery some years before 1873, P. quenstedtii has represented the 'prototype' of the turtle and has had an eventful scientific history. It was found in Neuenhaus (Häfner-Neuhausen in Schönbuch forest), Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and stems from Löwenstein-Formation (Weißer Keupersandstein), Late Triassic. The current catalogue number is GPIT-PV-30000. The specimen is listed in the historical inventory “Tübinger Petrefaktenverzeichnis 1841 bis 1896, [folio 326v.]“, as “[catalogue number: PV]16549, Schildkröte Weiser Keupersandstein Hafnerhausen” [turtle from White Keuper Sandstone]. Another, more recent synonym is “GPIT/RE/9396”. The same specimen was presented as uncatalogued by Gaffney (1990). Here we provide a surface scan of the steinkern for easier access of this famous specimen to the scientific community.
  

Proganochelys quenstedtii GPIT-PV-30000 View specimen

M3#967 This the surface model of the steinkern of the shell of Proganochelys quenstedtii. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.967   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Costeur L., Mennecart B., Müller B., Schulz G., 2016. Prenatal growth stages show the development of the ruminant bony labyrinth and petrosal bone. Journal of Anatomy. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12549 

Bos taurus NMB3038 View specimen

M3#124 Right bony labyrinth of a Bos taurus foetus (gestational age 115 days) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.124   state:published

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Bos taurus NMB3367 View specimen

M3#125 Right bony labyrinth of a Bos taurus foetus (gestational age 165 days) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.125   state:published

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Bos taurus NMB3365 View specimen

M3#126 Right bony labyrinth of a Bos taurus foetus (gestational age 210 days) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.126   state:published

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Bos taurus NMB2855 View specimen

M3#127 Right bony labyrinth of a Bos taurus foetus (gestational age 260 days) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.127   state:published

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Bos taurus NMB1037 View specimen

M3#128 Left bony labyrinth of an adult Bos taurus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.128   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Aguirre-Fernández G, Jost J, and Hilfiker S. 2022. First records of extinct kentriodontid and squalodelphinid dolphins from the Upper Marine Molasse (Burdigalian age) of Switzerland and a reappraisal of the Swiss cetacean fauna. 

Kentriodon sp. NMBE 5023944 View specimen

M3#858 3D models of left periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023944 (Kentriodon sp.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.858   state:published

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Kentriodon sp. NMBE 5023945 View specimen

M3#859 3D models of right periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023945 (Kentriodontidae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.859   state:published

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Kentriodon sp. NMBE 5023946 View specimen

M3#860 3D models of left periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023946 (Kentriodon sp.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.860   state:published

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Kentriodon sp. NMBE 5036436 View specimen

M3#861 3D models of right periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5036436 (Kentriodontidae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.861   state:published

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indet. indet. NMBE 5023942 View specimen

M3#862 3D models of right periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023942 (Squalodelphinidae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.862   state:published

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indet. indet. NMBE 5023943 View specimen

M3#863 3D models of left periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5023943 (Squalodelphinidae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.863   state:published

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indet. indet. NMBE 5036437 View specimen

M3#864 3D models of left periotic and bony labyrinth of NMBE 5036437 (Physeteridae indet.) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.864   state:published

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This contribution provides the raw files for the μCT-scan data and renderings of the three-dimensional digital models of two fossil teeth of a geomyin geomorph rodent (Caribeomys merzeraudi), discovered from lower Oligocene deposits of Puerto Rico, San Sebastian Formation (locality LACM Loc. 8060). These fossils were described, figured and discussed in the following publication: Marivaux et al. (2021), An unpredicted ancient colonization of the West Indies by North American rodents: dental evidence of a geomorph from the early Oligocene of Puerto Rico. Papers in Palaeontology. https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1388 

Caribeomys merzeraudi LACM 162478 View specimen

	M3#712 Right lower dp4: isolated deciduous premolar. The specimen was scanned with a resolution of 5 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. This isolated tooth was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.712   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#714 5µm µCT data set . Right lower dp4: isolated deciduous premolar. The specimen was scanned with a resolution of 5 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.714   state:published	Download CT data

Caribeomys merzeraudi LACM 162449 View specimen

	M3#713 Right lower molar (m1 or m2). The specimen was scanned with a resolution of 4.5 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. This isolated tooth was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.713   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#715 µCT data at 4.5µm Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.715   state:published	Download CT data

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in the following publication: Solé et al. (2018), Niche partitioning of the European carnivorous mammals during the paleogene. Palaios. https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2018.022 

Hyaenodon leptorhynchus FSL848325 View specimen

M3#336 The specimen FSL848325 is separated in two fragments: the anterior part bears the incisors, the deciduous and permanent canines, while the posterior part bears the right P3, P4, M1 and M2. The P2 is isolated. When combined, the cranium length is approximatively 10.5 cm long. The anterior part is 6.9 cm long and 2.15 cm wide (taken at the level of the P1). The posterior part is 4.8 cm long. The anterior part of the cranium is very narrow. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.336   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the article entitled "One skull to rule them all? Descriptive and comparative anatomy of the masticatory apparatus in five mice species based on traditional and digital dissections" (Ginot et al. 2018, Journal of Morphology, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20845). 

Mus cervicolor R7314 View specimen

M3#343 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus cervicolor. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.343   state:published

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Mus caroli R7264 View specimen

M3#344 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus caroli. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.344   state:published

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Mus fragilicauda R7260 View specimen

M3#345 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus fragilicauda. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.345   state:published

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Mus pahari R7226 View specimen

M3#346 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus pahari. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.346   state:published

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Mus minutoides minutoides-1 View specimen

M3#347 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus minutoides. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.347   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of a skull analyzed in “A Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Middle-Late Holocene landscapes of the Brazilian Northeast (Bahia): submerged cave deposits and stable isotopes”. The 3D model was generated by photogrammetry. 

Puma concolor MN 57461 View specimen

M3#843 Cranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.843   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in: Kaigai N et al. Morphogenesis and three-dimensional movement of the stomach during the human embryonic period, Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2014 May;297(5):791-797. doi: 10.1002/ar.22833. 

Homo sapiens KC-CS16STM27159 View specimen

M3#56 computationally reconstructed stomach of the human embryo (M3#56_KC-CS16STM27159) at Carnegie Stage 16 (Crown Rump Length= 9.9mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf56   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS17STM20383 View specimen

M3#57 computationally reconstructed stomach of the human embryo (M3#57_KC-CS17STM20383) at Carnegie Stage 17 (Crown Rump Length= 12.3mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf57   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS18STM21807 View specimen

M3#58 computationally reconstructed stomach of the human embryo (M3#58_KC-CS18STM21807) at Carnegie Stage 18 (Crown Rump Length= 14.7mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf58   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS19STM17998 View specimen

M3#59 computationally reconstructed stomach of the human embryo (M3#59_KC-CS19STM17998) at Carnegie Stage 19 (Crown Rump Length was unmeasured ). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf59   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS20STM20785 View specimen

M3#60 computationally reconstructed stomach of the human embryo (M3#60_KC-CS20STM20785) at Carnegie Stage 20 (Crown Rump Length= 18.7 mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf60   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS21STM24728 View specimen

M3#61 computationally reconstructed stomach of the human embryo (M3#61_KC-CS21STM24728) at Carnegie Stage 21 (Crown Rump Length= 20.9 mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf61   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS22STM26438 View specimen

M3#62 computationally reconstructed stomach of the human embryo (M3#62_KC-CS22STM26438) at Carnegie Stage 22 (Crown Rump Length= 21.5 mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf62   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS23STM20018 View specimen

M3#63 computationally reconstructed stomach of the human embryo (M3#63_KC-CS23STM20018) at Carnegie Stage 23 (Crown Rump Length= 23.1 mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf63   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Paulina-Carabajal A and Calvo JO 2021. Re-description of the braincase of the rebbachisaurid sauropod Limaysaurus tessonei and novel endocranial information based on CT scans. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 93(Suppl. 2): e20200762 https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200762 

Limaysaurus tessonei MUCPv-205 View specimen

M3#700 Renderings of the virtually isolate braincase, brain, and right inner ear. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.700   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Mennecart B., Wazir W.A., Sehgal R.K., Patnaik R., Singh N.P., Kumar N, and Nanda A.C. 2021. New remains of Nalamaeryx (Tragulidae, Mammalia) from the Ladakh Himalaya and their phylogenetical and palaeoenvironmental implications. Historical Biology. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.2014479
  

Nalameryx savagei WIMF/A4801 View specimen

M3#766 Nalameryx savagei, Partial lower right jaw preserving m2 and m3. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.766   state:published

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Nalameryx savagei WIMF/A4802 View specimen

M3#767 Nalameryx savagei, partial lower right jaw preserving m2 and m3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.767   state:published

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The present 3D dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the publication: Rosa, R. M., Salvador, R. B., & Cavallari, D. C. (2025). The disappearing act of the magician tree snail: anatomy, distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of Drymaeus magus (Gastropoda: Bulimulidae), a long-lost species hidden in plain sight. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 

Drymaeus magus CMRP 1049 View specimen

	M3#1597 Internal organs of Drymaeus magus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1597   state:in_press	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1598 External surface of Drymaeus magus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1598   state:in_press	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the holotype (NMB Sth. 833) of the new species Micromeryx? eiselei analysed in the article Aiglstorfer, M., Costeur, L., Mennecart, B., Heizmann, E.P.J.. 2017. Micromeryx? eiselei - a new moschid species from Steinheim am Albuch, Germany, and the first comprehensive description of moschid cranial material from the Miocene of Central Europe. PlosOne https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185679 

Micromeryx? eiselei NMB Sth. 833 View specimen

M3#284 The 3 D surfaces comprises the skull, petrosal, and bony labyrinth of NMB Sth.833, the holotype of Micromeryx? eiselei Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.284   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: Dubied, M., Mennecart, B. and Solé, F. 2019. The cranium of Proviverra typica (Mammalia, Hyaenodonta) and its impact on hyaenodont phylogeny and endocranial evolution. Palaeontology. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12437 

Proviverra typica NMB Em18 View specimen

M3#355 The file contain the cranium (yellow) and the endocast (blue) of the facial part and the brain case part of the type specimen of Proviverra typica (NMB Em18). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.355   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Bonis, L. de, Grohé, C., Surault, J., Gardin, A. 2022. Description of the first cranium and endocranial structures of Stenoplesictis minor (Mammalia, Carnivora), an early aeluroid from the Oligocene of the Quercy Phosphorites (southwestern France). Historical Biology. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2045980 

Stenoplesictis minor UM-ACQ 6705 View specimen

	M3#961 Endocranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.961   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#962 Right bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.962   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#963 Left bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.963   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#964 Cranium in transparency with endocranial structures Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.964   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Pujos F., Hautier L., Antoine P-O., Boivin M., Moison B, Salas-Gismondi R, Tejada J.V. , Varas-Malca R.M., Yans J., Marivaux L. (2025). Unexpected pampatheriid from the early Oligocene of Peruvian Amazonia: insights into the tropical differentiation of cingulate xenarthrans. Historical Biology. 

Bradypus tridactylus UM-ZOOL-V69 View specimen

M3#1600 Molariform and associated dentinal microstructure Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1600   state:in_press

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Choloepus didactylus UM-ZOOL-V12 View specimen

M3#1601 Molariform and associated dentinal microstructure Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1601   state:in_press

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Dasypus mexicanus UM-ZOOL-2787 View specimen

M3#1602 Molariform and associated dentinal microstructure Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1602   state:in_press

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Tolypeutes matacus UM-ZOOL-2789 View specimen

M3#1603 Molariform and associated dentinal microstructure Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1603   state:in_press

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Euphractus sexcinctus UM-ZOOL-2790 View specimen

M3#1604 Molariform and associated dentinal microstructure Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1604   state:in_press

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Holmesina septrionalis UM-FLD-1 View specimen

M3#1605 Molariform and associated dentinal microstructure Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1605   state:in_press

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Megatherium sp. UM-TAR-1 View specimen

M3#1607 Molariform and associated dentinal microstructure Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1607   state:in_press

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Indet indet MUSM-3965 View specimen

M3#1606 Molariform and associated dentinal microstructure Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1606   state:in_press

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in the following publication: Paulina-Carabajal, A., Sterli, J., Werneburg, I., 2019. The endocranial anatomy of the stem turtle Naomichelys speciosa from the Early Cretaceous of North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00606.2019 

Naomichelys speciosa FMNH PR273 View specimen

M3#428 FMNH_PR273_1 - Naomichlys speciosa - skull Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.428   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the brain endocast analyzed in “Virtual brain endocast of Antifer (Mammalia: Cervidae), an extinct large cervid from South America”. 

Antifer ensenadensis U-4922 View specimen

M3#550 Brain endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.550   state:published

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Antifer ensenadensis MCN-PV 943 View specimen

M3#551 Brain endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.551   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Orliac M.J., Karadenizli L., Antoine P.-O., Sen S. 2015. Small suids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Early Miocene of Turkey and a short overview of Early Miocene small suoids in the Old World. Paleontologia electronica 18(2): 18.2.30A: 1-48. https://doi.org/10.26879/547 

?Nguruwe galaticum SMT-1 View specimen

M3#16 fragment of palate with left broken M1-M3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf16   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in: New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna). Geodiversitas. 

Megadolodus molariformes VPPLT 974 View specimen

M3#1020 Partial mandible with the symphysis and left body, bearing the alveoli of ?i2, right and left ?i3, alveolus of right c and p1, roots of left p1, and the left p2–m3 of Megadolodus molariformes (Litopterna, Mammalia) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1020   state:published

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Neodolodus colombianus VPPLT 1696 View specimen

	M3#1021 Almost complete skull with left and right ?I2 and P1–M3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1021   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1022 Partial mandible with complete right and left dentition except for left ?i2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1022   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Vautrin et al. (2019), Palaeontology, From limb to fin: an Eocene protocetid forelimb from Senegal sheds new light on the early locomotor evolution of early cetaceans. 

?Carolinacetus indet. SNTB 2011-01 View specimen

M3#398 3D model of an articulated forelimb of a Carolinacetus-like protocetid from Senegal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.398   state:published

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