The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models described in “Comparative masticatory myology in anteaters and its implications for interpreting morphological convergence in myrmecophagous placentals”. 

Cyclopes didactylus M1571_JAG View specimen

M3#522 Skull, mandible, and muscles of Cyclopes didactylus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.522   state:published

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Tamandua tetradactyla M3075_JAG View specimen

M3#524 Skull, left mandibles, and muscles of Tamandua tetradactyla. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.524   state:published

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Myrmecophaga tridactyla M3023_JAG View specimen

M3#523 Skull, left mandible and muscles of Myrmecophaga tridactyla. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.523   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in: Amson et al., Under review. Evolutionary Adaptation to Aquatic Lifestyle in Extinct Sloths Can Lead to Systemic Alteration of Bone Structure doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0270. 

Bradypus tridactylus MNHN ZM-MO-1999-1065 View specimen

M3#337 Brain endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.337   state:published

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Choloepus didactylus MNHN-ZM-MO-1996-594 View specimen

M3#338 Brain endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.338   state:published

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Thalassocnus natans MNHN-F-SAS-734 View specimen

M3#339 Brain endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.339   state:published

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Thalassocnus littoralis MNHN-F-SAS-1610 View specimen

M3#340 Brain endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.340   state:published

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Thalassocnus littoralis MNHN-F-SAS-1615 View specimen

M3#341 Brain endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.341   state:published

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Thalassocnus carolomartini SMNK-3814 View specimen

M3#342 Brain endocast lacking right olfactory bulb Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.342   state:published

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The presented dataset contains the 3D surface scan of the holotype of Birgeria americana, a partial skull described and depicted in: Romano, C., Jenks, J.F., Jattiot, R., Scheyer, T.M., Bylund, K.G. & Bucher, H. 2017. Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from Elko County (Nevada, USA): implications for the Smithian equatorial vertebrate eclipse. Journal of Paleontology. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.36 . 

Birgeria americana NMMNH P-66225 View specimen

M3#175 NMMNH P-66225 is from upper lower Smithian to lower upper Smithian beds (Thaynes Group). The collecting site is located about 2.75 km south-southeast of the Winecup Ranch, east-central Elko County, Nevada, USA. P-66225 is a partial skull preserved within a large limestone nodule, with its right side exposed. It preserves the portion between the cleithrum posteriorly, and the level of the hind margin of the orbital opening anteriorly. The fossil has a length of 26 cm. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.175   state:published

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The present publication contains the µCT dataset and the 3D models analyzed in the following publication: Mautner, A.-K., A. E. Latimer, U. Fritz, and T. M. Scheyer. An updated description of the osteology of the pancake tortoise Malacochersus tornieri (Testudines: Testudinidae) with special focus on intraspecific variation. Journal of Morphology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20640 

Malacochersus tornieri ZM 100.102 View specimen

	M3#129 Virtual brain and inner ear endocast of Malacochersus tornieri (ZM 100.102; Zoological Museum of The University of Zurich). This virtual model is accompanied by the 3D dataset. Blue, endocranium; red, blood vessels; purple, semicircular canals; yellow, cranial nerves. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.129   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#130 3D dataset of skull of Malacochersus tornieri (ZM 100.102) Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.130   state:published	Download CT data

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Paulina-Carabajal A and Calvo JO 2021. Re-description of the braincase of the rebbachisaurid sauropod Limaysaurus tessonei and novel endocranial information based on CT scans. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 93(Suppl. 2): e20200762 https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200762 

Limaysaurus tessonei MUCPv-205 View specimen

M3#700 Renderings of the virtually isolate braincase, brain, and right inner ear. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.700   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publications:
- Marini E., Lussu P., 2020. A virtual physical anthropology lab. Teaching in the time of coronavirus, in prep.;
- Lussu P., Bratzu D., Marini E., 2020. Cloud-based ultra close-range digital photogrammetry: validation of an approach for the effective virtual reconstruction of skeletal remains, in prep. 

Homo sapiens MSAE 59 View specimen

M3#509 MSAE 59 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.509   state:published

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Homo sapiens MSAE 62 View specimen

M3#510 MSAE 62 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.510   state:published

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Homo sapiens MSAE 63 View specimen

M3#512 MSAE 63 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.512   state:published

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Homo sapiens MSAE 78 View specimen

M3#514 MSAE 78 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.514   state:published

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Homo sapiens MSAE 95 View specimen

M3#515 MSAE 95 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.515   state:published

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Homo sapiens MSAE 1852 View specimen

M3#516 MSAE 1852 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.516   state:published

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Homo sapiens MSAE 6426 View specimen

M3#517 MSAE 6426 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.517   state:published

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Homo sapiens MSAE 6428 View specimen

M3#518 MSAE 6428 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.518   state:published

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Homo sapiens MSAE 6992 View specimen

M3#519 MSAE 6992 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.519   state:published

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Homo sapiens MSAE 7688 View specimen

M3#520 MSAE 7688 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.520   state:published

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This contribution provides for the first time the 3D model of the type specimen of Molassitherium delemontense (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) described in the following publication: Becker et al. (2013), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, Vol. 11, Issue 8, 947–972, https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2012.699007. Conservation issues of the specimen and solutions using 3D model and 3D prints are detailed. 

Molassitherium delemontense MJSN POI007–245 View specimen

M3#384 Skull of Molassitherium delemontense Becker and Antoine, 2013 (in Becker et al. 2013): holotype Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.384   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Gaetano, L. C., Abdala, F., Seoane, F. D., Tartaglione, A., Schulz, M., Otero, A., Leardi, J. M., Apaldetti, C., Krapovickas, V., and Steinbach, E. 2021. A new cynodont from the Upper Triassic Los Colorados Formation (Argentina, South America) reveals a novel paleobiogeographic context for mammalian ancestors. Scientific Reports. 

Tessellatia bonapartei PULR-V121 View specimen

M3#960 3D surface model of PULR-V121 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.960   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model of the holotype of Chambius kasserinensis, the basalmost ‘elephant-shrew’ figured in the following publication: New remains of Chambius kasserinensis from the Eocene of Tunisia and evaluation of proposed affinities for Macroscelidea (Mammalia, Afrotheria). https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1297433 

Chambius kasserinensis CBI-1-06 View specimen

M3#146 3D model of the holotype maxilla of Chambius kasserinensis. The 3D surface was extracted manually from the limestone matrix within AVIZO 9.2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.146   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in the following publication: Carolina A. Hoffmann, A. G. Martinelli & M. B. Andrade. 2023. Anatomy of the holotype of “Probelesodon” kitchingi revisited, a chiniquodontid cynodont (Synapsida, Probainognathia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil, Journal of Paleontology 

Probelesodon kitchingi MCP 1600 PV View specimen

M3#1151 3D models of the skull with segmented bones and without the segmentation. colormap and orientation files also added. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1151   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Solé F., Lesport J.-F., Heitz A., and Mennecart B. minor revision. A new gigantic carnivore (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of France. PeerJ.
  

Tartarocyon cazanavei MHNBx 2020.20.1 View specimen

M3#903 Surface scan (ply) and texture (png) of the holotype of Tartarocyon cazanavei (MHNBx 2020.20.1) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.903   state:published

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Our knowledge of the external brain morphology of the late Eocene artiodactyl ungulate Mixtotherium, relies on a plaster model realized on a specimen from the Victor Brun Museum in Montauban (France) and described by Dechaseaux (1973). Here, based on micro CT-scan data, we virtually reconstruct the 3D cast of the empty cavity of the partial cranium MA PHQ 716 from the Victor Brun Museum and compare it to the plaster model illustrated and described by Dechaseaux (1973). Indeed, the specimen from which the original plaster endocast originates was not identified by Dechaseaux by a specimen number. We confirm here that the studied specimen was indeed the one described and illustrated by Dechaseaux (1973). We also reconstruct a second, more detailed, model providing additional morphological and quantitative observations made available by micro CT scan investigation such as precisions on the neopallium folding and endocranial volumes.
  

Mixtotherium cuspidatum MA PHQ 716 View specimen

M3#857 endocast of the brain cavity Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.857   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Hendrickx, C. and Bell, P. R. 2021. The scaly skin of the abelisaurid Carnotaurus sastrei (Theropoda: Ceratosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia. Cretaceous Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104994 

Carnotaurus sastrei MACN 894 View specimen

M3#802 3D reconstruction of the biggest patch of skin (~1200 cm2) from the anterior tail region of the holotype of Carnotaurus, which is the largest single patch of squamous integument available for any saurischian. The skin consists of medium to large (up to 65 mm in diameter) conical feature scales surrounded by a network of low and small (< 14 mm) irregular basement scales separated by narrow interstitial tissue. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.802   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Vautrin et al. (2019), Palaeontology, From limb to fin: an Eocene protocetid forelimb from Senegal sheds new light on the early locomotor evolution of early cetaceans. 

?Carolinacetus indet. SNTB 2011-01 View specimen

M3#398 3D model of an articulated forelimb of a Carolinacetus-like protocetid from Senegal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.398   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model(s) described and figured in the following publication: Carolina A. Hoffmann, P. G. Rodrigues, M. B. Soares & M. B. Andrade. 2021. Brain endocast of two non-mammaliaform cynodonts from southern Brazil: an ontogenetic and evolutionary approach, Historical Biology, 33:8, 1196-1207, https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2019.1685512 

Probelesodon kitchingi MCP 1600 PV View specimen

M3#978 3D model of the brain endocast of Probelesodon kitchingi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.978   state:published

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Massetognathus ochagaviae MCP 3871 PV View specimen

M3#979 3D model of the brain endocast of Massetognathus ochagaviae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.979   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Kassegne K. E., Mourlam M. J., Guinot G., Amoudji Y. Z., Martin J. E., Togbe K. A., Johnson A. K., Hautier L. 2021. First partial cranium of Togocetus from Kpogamé (Togo) and the protocetid diversity in the Togolese phosphate basin. Annales de Paléontologie, Issue 2, April–June 2021, 102488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2021.102488  

Togocetus cf. traversei ULDG-KPO1 View specimen

	M3#768 The specimen consists of a partial cranium prepared out of a calcareous phosphate matrix. The partial cranium lacks the anterior part of the rostrum, the cranial roof, and most of the basicranium apart from the left zygomatic process of the squamosal. The maxilla, nasal, palatine, pterygoid, alisphenoid, and squamosal bones are preserved, as well as two incomplete dental rows described hereafter. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.768   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#770 µCT . Resolution: 0.3156mm. This scan can easily be opened with Fiji, MorphoDig, 3DSlicer, or any software that reads .MHD file format. Also, the .RAW file can be opened easily with other software such as Avizo/Amira when providing the correct dimensions (which are enclosed within the file name) Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.770   state:published	Download CT data

This contribution contains the 3D model of the holotype of Simplomys hugi, the new dormouse species from the locality of Glovelier described and figured in the following publication: New data on the Miocene dormouse Simplomys García-Paredes, 2009 from the peri-alpin basins of Switzerland and Germany: palaeodiversity of a rare genus in Central Europe. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-018-0339-y 

Simplomys hugi MJSN-GLM017-0001 View specimen

M3#385 the left maxilla with four teeth ( DP4, P4, M1 and M2) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.385   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model of an endocranial cast analyzed in “A 10 ka intentionally deformed human skull from Northeast Asia”. There are many studies on the morphological characteristics of intentional cranial deformation (ICD), but few related 3D models were published. Here, we present the surface model of an intentionally deformed 10 ka human cranium for further research on ICD practice. The 3D model of the endocranial cast of this ICD cranium was discovered near Harbin City, Province Heilongjiang, Northeast China. The fossil preserved only the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones. To complete the endocast model of the specimen, we printed a 3D model and used modeling clay to reconstruct the missing part based on the general form of the modern human endocast morphology.
  

Homo sapiens IVPP-PA1616 View specimen

	M3#972 The frontal region of the endocast is flattened, probably formed by the constant pressure on the frontal bone during growth. There is a well-developed frontal crest on the endocranial surface. The endocast widens posteriorly from the frontal lobe. The widest point of the endocast is at the lateral border of the parietal lobe. The lower parietal areas display a marked lateral expansion. The overall shape of the endocast is asymmetrical, with the left side of the parietal lobe being more laterally expanded than the right side. Like the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe is also anteroposteriorly flattened. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.972   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#976 The original endocranial cast model (with texture) of IVPP-PA1616. It shows the original structures of the specimen, and was not altered in any way. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.976   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the holotype and the paratypes of the new species Siphonodella leiosa described and analyzed in the following publication: L. Souquet, C. Corradini, C. Girard: Siphonodella leiosa (Conodonta), a new unornamented species from the Tournaisian (lower Carboniferous) of Puech de la Suque (Montagne Noire, France). Geobios, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.06.004. 

Siphonodella leiosa UM PSQ 1 View specimen

M3#525 Siphonodella leiosa, paratype, dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.525   state:published

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Siphonodella leiosa UM PSQ 2 View specimen

M3#526 Siphonodella leiosa, holotype, dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.526   state:published

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Siphonodella leiosa UM PSQ 3 View specimen

M3#527 Siphonodella leiosa, paratype, dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.527   state:published

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Siphonodella leiosa UM PSQ 4 View specimen

M3#528 Siphonodella leiosa, paratype, dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.528   state:published

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Siphonodella leiosa UM PSQ 5 View specimen

M3#529 Siphonodella leiosa, paratype, sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.529   state:published

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Siphonodella leiosa UM PSQ 6 View specimen

M3#530 Siphonodella leiosa, paratype, dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.530   state:published

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Siphonodella leiosa UM PSQ 7 View specimen

M3#531 Siphonodella leiosa, paratype, dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.531   state:published

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Siphonodella leiosa UM PSQ 8 View specimen

M3#532 Siphonodella leiosa, paratype, sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.532   state:published

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Siphonodella leiosa UM PSQ 9 View specimen

M3#533 Siphonodella leiosa, paratype, dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.533   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model(s) described and figured in the following publication: Da Cunha, L., Fabre, P.-H. & Hautier, L. (2024) Springhares, flying and flightless scaly-tailed squirrels (Anomaluromorpha, Rodentia) are the squirrely mouse: comparative anatomy of the masticatory musculature and its implications on the evolution of hystricomorphy in rodents. Journal of Anatomy, 244, 900–928.
  

Anomalurus derbianus 21804 View specimen

M3#1493 Masticatory apparatus of Anomalurus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1493   state:published

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Idiurus macrotis 29335 View specimen

M3#1492 Masticatory apparatus of Idiurus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1492   state:published

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Zenkerella insignis 5.5.23.27 View specimen

M3#1490 Masticatory apparatus of Zenkerella Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1490   state:published

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Pedetes capensis NA View specimen

M3#1491 Masticatory apparatus of Pedetes Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1491   state:published

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